Marine turbine.



H. F. SCHMIDT.

MARINE TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED'MAY 4, 1915. RENEWED DEC. 30. I918.

Patented Mm 25,1919.

/ N VENTOR,

HIS ATTORNEY FACT v bine,

' and State of Pennsylvania, have and useful Invention in MarineTurbines,

UNITED STATES arana orricn HENRY F. SCHMIDT, OF PITTSBURGH,PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC & MANUFACTURING COMPANY,A CORPORATION OF YENNSYLVANIA.

MARINE TURBINE.

Application filed May 4, 1915,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY F. SCHMIDT, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of Pittsburgh, in the county'of Allegheny made a new ofwhich the following is a specification.

This invention relates to power developing apparatus and particularly tosuch apparatus for use in marine propulsion.

An object of the invention is to produce a new and improved power systemor organized turbine apparatus capable of being employed for marinepropulsion, which is highly eflicient under ordinary operatingconditions, and in which means are employed for materially increasingthe power developed under emergency or extraordinary conditions.

A further 0b ect is to produce a marine turbine in which both the aheadand astern.

elements are divided into sections which are located in separatecasings, and which are adapted to operate independently under certainconditions and to develop substantially full power with relatively highefiiciencyr It is well known that a combination tur that is, a turbinehaving a partial or variable admission high pressure stage, for example,of the impulse type, and a full peripheral admission low pressure stageof, for example, the reaction type, is highly efiicient. The impulsetype of turbine is inherently capable of developing ciently whensupplied with high pressure motive fluid, whereas the reaction or impactreaction typ is more efiicient in the development of power whenoperating on low pre'ssure motive fluid than the straight impulse typeof turbine. For this reason, a combination turbine, such as abovedescribed, is highly eificient and the disadvantages in herent in bothtypes employed are largely eliminated.

In marine and particularly in naval installations it is desirable toprovide an emergency unit, which will be capable of developing powermore or less efliciently in case the main power unit is disabled. In mypresent invention I contemplate dividing the main power unit intoseparate sections so that either section may be employed independentlyas an emergency unit for the purpose of developing substantially fullpower.

Specification 'of Letters Patent.

power eth- Patented Mar. 25, 1919.

Serial No. 25,737. Renewed December 30, 1918. Serial No. 269,028.

In accomplishing this I provide an ahead turbine of the combination typeand I divide it into sections so that one or more of the high pressurestages comprise one section which is locatedin a separate casing withthe high pressure stage or stages of the reverse turbine, and the lowpressure-stage or stages of the ahead comprise a separate section whichis located in a casin with the low pressure section or sections or theastern turbine. With such an arrangement of apparatus either section maybe employed in driving the turbine ahead or astern, and I have providedmeans whereby both sections may be connected to the condenser, so thateach may have the benefit of the condenser while operatingindependently. This not only increases the range of expansion of eachsection but also conserves the fresh water, which is of extremeimportance on shipboard. I have discovered that the reversing elementsor astern turbines occasion considerable difliculty by reason of thefact that they operate as pumps while being driven in the reversedirection or while the ahead turbines are developing power. The pumpingaction creates heat, and the heat occasions difficulties where closeclearances are employed, since it causes warping of either thestationary or rotating parts. A further object of my invention istherefore to produce a marine turbine employing reversing sections inwhich close clearance are not employed and in which the windage and thepumping action are reduced to a minimum.

In the single sheet drawing accompanying 1 and forming a part hereof, Ihave illustrated diagrammatically a marine turbine installation embodyinmy invention.

As illustrated, the ahead turbine is formed in two stages, a highpressure stage 4., and a low pressure stage 5. The high pressure stageis shown as a multiple drop impluse stage and is located in a separatecasing from the low pressure stage, which is conventionally illustratedas of the Parsons. or reaction type. The astern turbine is illustratedas a multiple stage impulse turbine with the high pressure stage 6located in the same casing with the high pressure stage 4 of the aheadturbine and the low pressure stage 7 located in the same casing with thelow pressure stage 5 of the ahead turbine.

As illustrated, the stages 4 and 6 of the ahead and reversing turbinesrespectively are provided with a common shaft 8. and the common casing 9is provided, intermediate its ends, with a diaphragm 10, which extendsinwardly to the shaft-,8 and divides the interior of the casing intotwocompartments,

one inclosing the stage 4 and the other the stage 6, Mounted on thediaphragm 10-"is a suitable packing 12, such for example as aninterleavlng seal, which forms a fluid tight joint between the diaphragmand the shaft or rotor 8.-

Motive fluid is delivered to the stage 4 through a port 13, whichsupplies the fluid to one or more nozzles 14, forming a part of the highpressure stage 4. The motive fluid delivered by the nozzles is receivedby a row of impulse blades mounted on the rotor element from which it isdelivered to stationary redirecting vanes. The vanes redirect. the fluidtraversing them and deliver it to a second row of impulse blades mountedon the rotor element.

In the illustrated embodiment, the steam issuing from the second row ofblades is delivered through a passage 15 to an inlet port 16 of the lowpressure section, but it will be apparent to those skilled in the artthat it may first traverse an additional high pres sure stage of eitherthe impulse or reaction t pe.

The motive fluid delivered to the reversing stage 6, enters an inletport 17, with which the casing 9 is provided, and is delivered by one ormore nozzles 18 to the impulse blades included in that stage. The fluiddelivered from the stage 6, traverses a passage 19, which communicateswith an inlet port 21 formed in the low pressure section.

As illustrated, the low pressure section includes a casing 22, which isprovided at an intermediate point with an exhaust port 23, shown indirect communication with a condenser 24. The inlet port 16 of the aheadstage 5 is located at one end of the casing 22, while the inlet port 21for delivering motive fluid to the reversing stage 7 islocated at theother end of the casing. The stages 5 and 7 are provided with a commonrotor element 25 which, as illustrated, is directly connected to a shaft26. A rotor drum, on which the moving blades of the stage 5 are mounted,is located near one end of the rotor 25, while the blade carrying wheelon which the moving blades of the stage 7 are mounted is located at theother end of the rotor. A. balance dummy or piston 27 is also mounted onthe rotor ele ment for counterbalancing the longitudinal thrustoccasioned by the fluid traversing the stage 5.

lVith' this arrangement of apparatus motive fluid delivered through theport 13 of the high pressure section after having traversed the highpressure stage 4 is delivered to the passage 15, from which it isdelivered I through the port 16 to the low pressure stage 5 and isfinally exhausted into the condenser through the port 23. The'niotivefluid delivered to the port 17, after traversing the high pressure stage6 of the astern turbine, is delivered through the passage 19 and port 21to'the low pressure stage 7 and finally after it has traversed the lowpressure stage, it is delivered to the condenser-through the port 23. Ia

In the: drawings I have shown a by-pass 28 communicating with thepassage 15 and with the inlet of the'condenser 24, and so arranged thatit is capable of by-passing fluid discharged from the high pressurestage 4 around the low pressure stage 5 direct to the condenser.Communication between the bypass 28 and the passage 15 is controlled bya, valve 30, and communication between the passage 15 and the inlet port16 of the stage 5 iscontrolled by a valve 31, so located that when it isclosed and the valve 30 is open, fluid issuing from the stage 4 willpass directly to the condenser. I have also shown a by-pass 32 for thereversing stage 7, which communicates with the passage 19 and with theinlet of the condenser and is provided with a control valve 83. A valve34, similar to the valve 31 in the passage 15, is provided in thepassage 19, between the inlet to the bypass 32 and the inlet port- 21,so that when the valve 34 is closed and the valve 33 is open,'fluidexhausted from the high pressure stage of the astern turbine will passdirectly to the condenser. I have also shown a valved passage 35 foradmitting high pressure motive fluid direct to the port 16 and a valvedpassage 36 for admitting high pressure motive fluid direct to the port21. With this arrangement, the low pressure stage of either the ahead orthe astern turbine can be operated in parallel with its correspondinghigh pressure stage, or it can be operated independently of its highpressure stage on high pressure fluid, and'in this way developsubstantially full power when the high pressure stage is incapacitated.The high pressure stage of either the ahead or the astern turbine isalso capable of developing substantially full power when itscorresponding low pressure stage is incapacitated, since its range ofexpansion can be materially increased by connecting it, as abovedescribed, direct to the condenser.

As illustrated, the shaft 8 is coupled to a pinion 38, which meshes witha gear 39, to which a. propeller shaft 40 may be directly connected; andthe shaft 26 is shown con nected to a pinion 41, which also meshes withthe gear 39 and which, as illustrated, is of the same diameter as thepinion 38. It will be understood, however, that the pinions 38 and 41may be of difi erent di- In accordance with the patent statutes, 1

have illustrated and described what I now; consider the preferredembodiment of my invention, but I desire it to be understood thatvarious changes, substitutions, modifications, additions and omissionsmay be made in the apparatus illustrated without departing from thespirit and scope of the invention as set forth by the appended claims.

What I claim is:

1. A power system comprising an ahead turbine divided into sections,each of which is provided with a separate casing, an astern turbinedivided into separate sections corresponding to the divisions of theahead turbine, with the separate sections located in the same casingswith the corresponding sections of the ahead turbine, a condensercommunicating with the casing including the low pressure sections of theahead and astern turbines, and means for toy-passing the low pressuresections of both the ahead and the astern turbines by delivering fluidissuing from sections normally of higher pressure direct to thecondenser.

2. A power system comprising an ahead turbine having an impulse highpressure section and a reaction low pressure section located in aseparate casing from the high pressure section, an astern turbine havingan impulse high pressure section located in the same casing with thehigh pressure section of the ahead and an impulse low pressure sectionlocated in the same casing with the reaction section of the ahead, acondenser communicating with the low pres sure sections of the ahead andthe astern turbines, and means for by-passing motive fluid from the highpressure sections of both the ahead and astern turbines around both thelow pressure sections direct to the condenser.

3. A power system comprising an ahead turbine having a variable orpartial admission high pressure section and a full peripheral admissionlow pressure section located in a separate casing from the high pressuresection and receiving motive fluid therefrom, an astern turbine having ahigh pressure variable or partial admission section located in the samecasing with the high pressure section of the ahead turbine, and a lowpressure variable or partial admission section located in the samecasing with the low pressure section of the ahead turbine and receivingmotive fluid from the high pressure section of the astern turbine, acondenser communicating with means for by-passing motive fluid from bothhigh pressure sections around both low presboth low pressure sections,

sure sections to the condenser, and means for admitting high pressurefluid to both low pressure sections.

4. A power system comprising an ahead turbine having a variable orpartial admission high pressure section and a full peripheral admissionlow pressure section located in a separate casing from the high pressuresection and receiving motive fluid therefrom, an astern turbine having ahigh pressure variable or partial admission section located in the samecasing with the high pressure section of the ahead turbine, and a lowpresf sure variable or partial admission section located in the samecasing with the low pressure section of the ahead turbine and receivingmotive fluid from the high pressure section of the astern turbine, acondenser communicating with both low pressure sections, means forby-passing motive fluid from both high pressure sections around both lowpressure sections to the condenser and means for admitting high pressurefluid to both low pressure sections and a gearing having a driven gear,and two pinions meshing therewith, each of said pinions being driven bythe rotor element of one of said sections.

5. 'A marine turbine divided into a high pressure ahead and asternsection and a low pressure ahead and astern section, each section havinga separate casing and'a separate rotor; the high pressure ahead andastern section consisting of turbine elements having two or more moving,rows of blades per stage, and the low pressure ahead element having astage, and conduits whereby the low pressure sections may be by-passedand may be operated independently of the high pressure sections.

6. A marine turbine divided into a high pressure ahead and asternsection and a low pressure ahead and astern section, each section havingseparate ahead and astern elements, a condenser indirect communicationwith the low pressure section, means for bypassing both the ahead andastern elements of the low pressure section by delivering fluid issuingfrom the high pressure section directly to the condenser, andindependent means for delivering high pressure motive fluid to both theahead and astern elements of the low pressure section, in combinationwith a gearing comprising a driven gear and two pinions meshingtherewith, each pinion being operatively connected to the rotor elementof one of said sections. I

7. A marine turbine divided into a high pressure ahead and asternsection and a low pressure ahead and astern section, each section havinga separate casing and a separate rotor; the low pressure ahead elementhaving a single row of moving blades per stage, and the high pressureand lowv pressure single moving row of blades per astern elements havingtwo or more moving rows of blades per stage, in combination with acondenser communicating with the low pressure section, means forbypassing both elements of the low pressure section by directlyconnecting the high pressure section to the condenser, and means fordelivering high pressure motive fluid to both elements of the lowpressure section independently of the delivery of fluid to the highpressure section.

8. A marine propelling unit comprising an ahead turbine divided into ahigh pressure section and a low pressure section-located in a separatecasing from the high pressure section and receiving motive fluidtherefrom, a reversing turbine divided into a high pressure sectionlocated in thecasing of the high pressure section of the ahead turbine,and a low pressure section receiving motive fluid. from the highpressure reversing section and located in the casing of the low pressureahead section, a condenser con municating with an exhaust port in thelow pressure casing which serves both the ahead and means for deliveringhigh pressure motive fluid to both low pressure sections independentlyofthe delivery of fluid to the high pressure sections.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 1st day ofMay, 1915.

HENRY F. SCHMIDT. W'itnesses:

C. W. MCGHEE,

MoCALmsrnR.

